特姆優(you)---太陽能光(guang)伏發電(dian)和光(guang)熱發電(dian)的區別和優(you)勢(shi)

太(tai)陽能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)主要包(bao)括光(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)兩(liang)種基本形式(shi)，常規光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)站是利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池板吸(xi)收(shou)太(tai)陽光(guang)中可見光(guang)形成光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子，產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)熔鹽或者油等介質吸(xi)收(shou)太(tai)陽光(guang)中的熱(re)能，使用(yong)(yong)汽輪機將其轉(zhuan)化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能。

1. 光(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)受日光(guang)照射強(qiang)度影響很大，光(guang)熱對于日光(guang)照射的(de)要(yao)求不是很高

2. 光(guang)伏發電(dian)形式獨特，和(he)傳統電(dian)廠合并(bing)難度大，光(guang)熱與傳統電(dian)廠合并(bing)難度相較(jiao)小些

3. 光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)比常規光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)更具優勢，通過(guo)儲熱(re)(re)改善光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)出力(li)特(te)性，白天將多(duo)余熱(re)(re)量儲存，晚間將儲存的(de)熱(re)(re)量釋放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這樣光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)以實現連(lian)續供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)穩定(ding)性，避免了光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)與風力(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)難以解(jie)決的(de)入網(wang)調峰問題(ti)，提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)站調節性能，通過(guo)補燃與常規火電(dian)(dian)(dian)聯合運行

4. 對(dui)環境(jing)的(de)污(wu)染(ran)程度不同，光熱發電是清潔生產過程，基本采用物理手段進行光能量轉換(huan)，對(dui)環境(jing)危害(hai)極小。而光伏(fu)發電技(ji)術存在致命(ming)的(de)缺點(dian)，光伏(fu)發電需要(yao)晶體(ti)硅，但(dan)是晶體(ti)硅存在高成本和高污(wu)染(ran)的(de)問題(ti)。

5. 光(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)適(shi)用于分散(san)式(shi)、小規模(mo)、小局(ju)域供電(dian)(dian)。光(guang)熱適(shi)合集(ji)中式(shi)，大規模(mo)一般性地區(qu)。

6. 太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)原(yuan)理，光(guang)生(sheng)伏(fu)(fu)特(te)效(xiao)應，指(zhi)光(guang)照使不均勻半導體(ti)或(huo)半導體(ti)與金(jin)屬(shu)結(jie)合(he)的不同部位之間產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)位差的現(xian)象，首先由光(guang)子（光(guang)波(bo)）轉換為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)子，光(guang)能(neng)量轉化為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)量的過(guo)程，然后(hou)形成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓進行發(fa)電(dian)(dian)。光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)原(yuan)理：通(tong)過(guo)反射(she)鏡將太陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)匯(hui)聚到太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)收集裝置，利用太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)加(jia)熱收集裝置內的傳熱介質(zhi)（氣體(ti)或(huo)者(zhe)液體(ti)），再(zai)加(jia)熱水形成(cheng)(cheng)蒸汽帶(dai)動或(huo)者(zhe)直接帶(dai)動發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機發(fa)電(dian)(dian)。